Combined Exposure to Nicotine and Ethanol in Adolescent Mice Differentially Affects Anxiety Levels during Exposure, Short-Term, and Long-Term Withdrawal
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
the effects of keyword and context methods on pronunciation and receptive/ productive vocabulary of low-intermediate iranian efl learners: short-term and long-term memory in focus
از گذشته تا کنون، تحقیقات بسیاری صورت گرفته است که همگی به گونه ای بر مثمر ثمر بودن استفاده از استراتژی های یادگیری لغت در یک زبان بیگانه اذعان داشته اند. این تحقیق به بررسی تاثیر دو روش مختلف آموزش واژگان انگلیسی (کلیدی و بافتی) بر تلفظ و دانش لغوی فراگیران ایرانی زیر متوسط زبان انگلیسی و بر ماندگاری آن در حافظه می پردازد. به این منظور، تعداد شصت نفر از زبان آموزان ایرانی هشت تا چهارده ساله با...
15 صفحه اولshort term exposure to binaural beats adversely affects learning and memory in rats
800x600 background: binaural beats (binaural tones) are sound waves created by specific physical stimuli which are believed to induce relaxation, meditation, creativity and other forms of desirable mental states. to experience the binaural beats perception, a sound file should be listened using headphones. the difference in frequencies of each tone (e.g. f1 hz in right ear and f2 hz in left ear...
متن کاملThe Effect of Long-term Exposure to Aspartame on Histomorphometric and Histochemical Adrenal Gland in Adult NMRI Mice
Abstract Background & aim: Aspartame is an artificial sweetener that has been used extensively in over 200 million people in more than 90 countries in various food products and pharmaceuticals. There are many controversial reports about the toxicity of aspartame on various tissues of the body. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of long-term aspartame on histomor...
متن کاملHistomorphometrical changes of oviduct during the long-term exposure of breeder hens to extra thyroxine
In this research a 100 day long treatment period was considered to unmask the probable adverse effects of long-term induced hyperthyroidism on histomorphometrical attributes of the oviduct in broiler breeder hens. A total of seventy 47-week-old Cobb 500 breeder hens were randomly allotted to two treatment groups (5 replicates of 7 hens each). Thyroxine (T4) was orally administered to the hypert...
متن کاملShort- and long-term consequences of nicotine exposure during adolescence for prefrontal cortex neuronal network function.
More than 70% of adolescents report to have smoked a cigarette at least once. At the adolescent stage the brain has not completed its maturation. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), the brain area responsible for executive functions and attention performance, is one of the last brain areas to mature and is still developing during adolescence. Smoking during adolescence increases the risk of developing...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Neuropsychopharmacology
سال: 2007
ISSN: 0893-133X,1740-634X
DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301429